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Example:https://www.virustotal.com/en/url/df05d8e27bd760c33dc709951a5840cc6578d78d544d869890b7b94ea21e46b0/analysis/1368183553/

The basic phases of the forensic process are: collection, examination, analysis, and reporting. During collection, data related to a specific event is identified, labeled, recorded, and collected, and its integrity is preserved. In the second phase, examination, forensic tools and techniques appropriate to the types of data that were collected are executed to identify and extract the relevant information from the collected data while protecting its integrity. Examination may use a combination of automated tools and manual processes. The next phase, analysis, involves analyzing the results of the examination to derive useful information that addresses the questions that were the impetus for performing the collection and examination. The final phase involves reporting the results of the analysis, which may include describing the actions performed, determining what other actions need to be performed, and recommending improvements to policies, guidelines, procedures, tools, and other aspects of the forensic process.
Reference:http://itlaw.wikia.com/wiki/Forensic_process

Every firewall has its own database where it maintains the website reputation on terms of security, ease of access, performance etc and below certain score (generally 7 in case of Cisco), firewalls block access to the sites. For example, you can visit www.senderbase.org and enter name of any website and you will see the reputation of that website. 

  

There is a total loss of integrity, or a complete loss of protection. For example, the attacker is able to modify any/all files protected by the impacted component. Alternatively, only some files can be modified, but malicious modification would present a direct, serious consequence to the impacted component.

Reference: http://www.regular-expressions.info/quickstart.html

Reference: https://github.com/vz-risk/veris/wiki/VERIS-Overview

Some general categories of CSIRTs include, but are not limited to, the following:
Internal CSIRTs provide incident handling services to their parent organization. This could be a CSIRT for a bank, a manufacturing company, a university, or a federal agency. 
National CSIRTs provide incident handling services to a country. Examples include: the Japan CERT Coordination Center (JPCERT/CC) or the Singapore Computer Emergency Response Team (SingCERT).
Coordination Centers coordinate and facilitate the handling of incidents across various CSIRTs. Examples include the CERT Coordination Center or the United States Computer Emergency Readiness Team (US-CERT). 
Analysis Centers focus on synthesizing data from various sources to determine trends and patterns in incident activity. This information can be used to help predict future activity or to provide early warning when the activity matches a set of previously determined characteristics. 
Vendor Teams handle reports of vulnerabilities in their software or hardware products. They may work within the organization to determine if their products are vulnerable and to develop remediation and mitigation strategies. A vendor team may also be the internal CSIRT for a vendor organization. 
Incident Response Providers offer incident handling services as a for-fee service to other organizations. 
Reference:http://www.cert.org/incident-management/csirt-development/csirt-faq.cfm?

Reference: http://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/SpecialPublications/NIST.SP.800-61r2.pdf