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The diagram below depicts the Cloud Computing stack – it shows three distinct categories within Cloud Computing: Software as a Service, Platform as a Service and Infrastructure as a Service.

  

A simplified way of differentiating these flavors of Cloud Computing is as follows; 
SaaS applications are designed for end-users, delivered over the web  
PaaS is the set of tools and services designed to make coding and deploying those applications quick and efficient  
IaaS is the hardware and software that powers it all – servers, storage, networks, operating systems 
Reference: https://support.rackspace.com/white-paper/understanding-the-cloud-computing-stack-saas-paas-iaas/

Out-of-band refers to an interface that allows only management protocol traffic to be forwarded or processed. An out-of-band management interface is defined by the network operator to specifically receive network management traffic. The advantage isthat forwarding (or customer) traffic cannot interfere with the management of the router, which significantly reduces the possibility of denial-of-service attacks. 
Out-of-band interfaces forward traffic only between out-of-band interfaces or terminate management packets that are destined to the router. In addition, the out-of-band interfaces can participate in dynamic routing protocols. The service provider connects to the router’s out-of-band interfaces and builds an independent overlay management network, with all the routing and policy tools that the router can provide. 
Reference: http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/routers/asr9000/software/asr9k_r4-0/security/configuration/guide/b_sc40asr9kbook/b_sc40asr9kbook_chapter_0101.pdf

The following table shows the relative security level provided by the recommended and NGE algorithms. The security level is the relative strength of an algorithm. An algorithm with a security level of x bits is stronger than one of y bits if x > y. If an algorithm has a security level of x bits, the relative effort it would take to "beat" the algorithm is of the same magnitude of breaking a secure x-bit symmetric key algorithm (without reduction or other attacks). The 128-bit security level is for sensitive information and the 192-bit level is for information of higher importance. 

  

Reference: http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/about/security-center/next-generation-cryptography.html

The remaining four parts of the ESP are all encrypted during transmission across the network. Those parts are as follows:
The Payload Data is the actual data that is carried by the packet. 
The Padding, from 0 to 255 bytes of data, allows certain types of encryption algorithms to require the data to be a multiple of a certain number of bytes. The padding also ensures that the text of a message terminates ona four-byte boundary (an architectural requirement within IP). 
The Pad Length field specifies how much of the payload is padding rather than data. 
The Next Header field, like a standard IP Next Header field, identifies the type of data carried and the protocol. 
Reference: http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/net_mgmt/vpn_solutions_center/2-0/ip_security/provisioning/guide/IPsecPG1.html

By default, the Cisco IOS software command-line interface (CLI) has two levels of access to commands: user EXEC mode (level 1) and privileged EXEC mode (level 15). However, you can configure additional levels of access to commands, called privilege levels, to meet the needs of your users while protecting the system from unauthorized access. Up to 16 privilege levels can be configured, from level 0, which is the most restricted level, to level 15, which is the least restricted level.
Reference: http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios/12_2/security/configuration/guide/fsecur_c/scfpass.html#wp1001016

These are the three different types of authentication supported by OSPF. 
Null Authentication—This is also called Type 0 and it means no authentication information is included in the packet header. It is the default. 
Plain Text Authentication—This is also called Type 1 and it uses simple clear-text passwords. 
MD5 Authentication—This is also called Type 2 and it uses MD5 cryptographic passwords. 
Authentication does not need to be set. However, if it is set, all peer routers on the same segment must have the same password and authentication method. The examples in this document demonstrate configurations for both plain text and MD5 authentication. 
Reference: http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/ip/open-shortest-path-first-ospf/13697-25.html

This action prevents the attacker from communicating with the victim on any port. However, the attacker could communicate with other hosts, making this action better suited for exploits that target a specific host. This event action is appropriate when the likelihood of a false alarm or spoofing is minimal. 
Reference: http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/about/security-center/ips-mitigation.html

A Trusted Platform Module (TPM) is a specialized chip on an endpoint device that stores RSA encryption keys specific to the host system for hardware authentication.  
Each TPM chip contains an RSA key pair called the Endorsement Key (EK). The pair is maintained inside the chip and cannot be accessed by software. The Storage Root Key (SRK) is created when a user or administrator takes ownership of the system. This key pair is generated by the TPM based on the Endorsement Key and an owner-specified password. 
Reference: http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/trusted-platform-module-TPM

Addressing compliance is an integral part of security context. It implement rules to prevent vulnerability.  
Reference: http://www.cisco.com/security/