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Sarbanes Oxley Regulations encourages transparency in financial reporting. The regulations came in response to the Enron scandal in 2001 when Enron bosses were falsifying financial records to make the company look better than it was, then the company went bust. The point of Sarbanes Oxley is to ensure that this doesn't happen again- that business leaders report correct financial statements to shareholders. The study guide talks about this on p.42 but I'd recommend also watching this video as it gives a good background to the regulation:

Insurable Interest means that it is not possible to insure someone else's factory. The study guide explains that you can only take out insurance where you have at least partial ownership of that risk. Therefore option 3 is also correct as you have a partial risk if something were to happen to your supplier's factory. You can take out CBI insurance for this. see p.100-101 for further explanations of Legal Principles of Insurance

1, 3 and 4 are the correct options. Binomial is based on discreate events not continuous and it assumes the events of each trial are independent of one another. This YouTube video explains it all perfectly using the chance that an ice-cream cone is broken. It's a nice memorable example to help you remember what binomial distribution is and how it works: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3EZbX2ftCUk - it's a very memorable example and really helped me. You can also see more info in the cips textbook p.131

The correct answers are as follows:Table Description automatically generated with low confidence

Actions to mitigate one risk, may create another risk. This is a direct quote from p. 132

2 is the correct answer. Risk appetite is the level of risk that an individual or organisation is comfortable taking (p.4). Having a large risk appetite does not mean that you want to take every risk (as that would be irresponsible), rather, a large risk appetite means you're more likely to gamble and take calculated risks, even though they might not pay off. A small risk appetite would describe options 3 and 4 - taking few risks, or none at all.

Petra should arrange for additional tests to be conducted. This question is based on a real example in the exam.In this scenario there is still significant risk for Petra even if the supplier is testing the materials. The supplier could miss something, or forge the results with disastrous consequences for Petra's customers. Moreover it would severely damage Petra's reputation. Therefore the wise thing would be for Petra to conduct additional tests in-house to ensure they are happy with the products and only then accept them. This could be an audit of10% of deliveries to ensure compliance. Acceptance Testing is discussed in the textbook on p.70

This could be for cultural reasons within the company.135 states that sometimes causes of risk are not recorded as this could lead to a blame culture within the company.

This is an internal risk. A procurement risk would be issues with a supplier or contract, and economic risk would be exchange rate fluctuations etc. See p.118 for more information on internal risks- it's a known exam topic

They will receive operational help from a third party is the correct answer. Unlike insurance, a contingency plan provides operational help, not just financial. This could be in providing an emergency workspace, helping to get IT systems back up and running or providing emergency air freight. This is explained on p.91-92 of the study guide

Insurance is a form of hedging. Hedging is using a financial instrument to offset the potential risk of an adverse loss (p.93) none of the other options mentioned are financial instruments.