312-50v12: Certified Ethical Hacker v12 Exam - Free download from Exam Hub

Sophia is a shopping enthusiast who spends significant time searching for trendy outfits online.

Clark, an attacker, noticed her activities several times and sent a fake email containing a deceptive page link to her social media page displaying all-new and trendy outfits. In excitement, Sophia clicked on the malicious link and logged in to that page using her valid credentials.

Which of the following tools is employed by Clark to create the spoofed email?

Evilginx
Slowloris
PLCinject
PyLoris

Correct answer: A

Explanation:

Phishing Tools Phishing tools can be used by attackers to generate fake login pages to capture usernames and passwords, send spoofed emails, and obtain the victim's IP address and session cookies. This information can further be used by the attacker, who will use it to impersonate a legitimate user and launch further attacks on the target organization :=>Tools like BLACKEYE / PhishX / PhishX / Trape / Evilginx

John, a disgruntled ex-employee of an organization, contacted a professional hacker to exploit the organization. In the attack process, the professional hacker installed a scanner on a machine belonging to one of the victims and scanned several machines on the same network to identify vulnerabilities to perform further exploitation.

What is the type of vulnerability assessment tool employed by John in the above scenario?

Agent-based scanner
Network-based scanner
Cluster scanner
Proxy scanner

Correct answer: A

Explanation:

* Network-Based Scanner: Network-based scanners are those that interact only with the real machine where they reside and give the report to the same machine after scanning.* Agent-Based Scanner: Agent-based scanners reside on a single machine but can scan several machines on the same network.* Proxy Scanner: Proxy scanners are the network-based scanners that can scan networks from any machine on the network.* Cluster scanner: Cluster scanners are similar to proxy scanners, but they can simultaneously perform two or more scans on different machines in the network.

* Network-Based Scanner: Network-based scanners are those that interact only with the real machine where they reside and give the report to the same machine after scanning.

* Agent-Based Scanner: Agent-based scanners reside on a single machine but can scan several machines on the same network.

* Proxy Scanner: Proxy scanners are the network-based scanners that can scan networks from any machine on the network.

* Cluster scanner: Cluster scanners are similar to proxy scanners, but they can simultaneously perform two or more scans on different machines in the network.

Joel, a professional hacker, targeted a company and identified the types of websites frequently visited by its employees. Using this information, he searched for possible loopholes in these websites and injected a malicious script that can redirect users from the web page and download malware onto a victim's machine. Joel waits for the victim to access the infected web application so as to compromise the victim's machine.

Which of the following techniques is used by Joel in the above scenario?

Watering hole attack
DNS rebinding attack
MarioNet attack
Clickjacking attack

Correct answer: A

Explanation:

It is a type of unvalidated redirect attack whereby the attacker first identifies the most visited website of the target, determines the vulnerabilities in the website, injects malicious code into the vulnerable web application, and then waits for the victim to browse the website. Once the victim tries to access the website, the malicious code executes, infecting the victim.

Security administrator John Smith has noticed abnormal amounts of traffic coming from local computers at night. Upon reviewing, he finds that user data have been exfiltrated by an attacker.

AV tools are unable to find any malicious software, and the IDS/IPS has not reported on any non-whitelisted programs.

What type of malware did the attacker use to bypass the company's application whitelisting?

File-less malware
Zero-day malware
Phishing malware
Logic bomb malware

Correct answer: A

Explanation:

In this scenario, the attacker used file-less malware to bypass the company's application whitelisting. File-less malware resides entirely in memory, making it difficult for antivirus software and IDS/IPS to detect. It can run in the context of a trusted process or system application, and can be delivered through various attack vectors, including phishing emails, malicious websites, or network exploits.

Dorian is sending a digitally signed email to Poly. With which key is Dorian signing this message and how is Poly validating it?

Dorian is signing the message with his public key, and Poly will verify that the message came fromDorian by using Dorian's private key.
Dorian is signing the message with Poly's private key, and Poly will verify that the message camefrom Dorian by using Dorian's public key.
Dorian is signing the message with his private key, and Poly will verify that the message came fromDorian by using Dorian's public key.
Dorian is signing the message with Poly's public key, and Poly will verify that the message camefrom Dorian by using Dorian's public key.

Correct answer: C

Explanation:

In digital signature, the sender signs the message using their private key, which only the sender knows. The recipient can verify that the message came from the sender by using the sender's public key. Therefore, in this scenario, Dorian is signing the email with his private key, and Poly will validate it using Dorian's public key.

Scenario: Joe turns on his home computer to access personal online banking. When he enters the URL www.bank.com, the website is displayed, but it prompts him to re-enter his credentials as if he has never visited the site before. When he examines the website URL closer, he finds that the site is not secure and the web address appears different.

What type of attack he is experiencing?

DHCP spoofing
DoS attack
ARP cache poisoning
DNS hijacking

Correct answer: D

Explanation:

DNS hijacking: Attacker modifies DNS queries/responses, redirects users to incorrect/malicious websites, steals sensitive information.

Boney, a professional hacker, targets an organization for financial benefits. He performs an attack by sending his session ID using an MITM attack technique. Boney first obtains a valid session ID by logging into a service and later feeds the same session ID to the target employee. The session ID links the target employee to Boney's account page without disclosing any information to the victim. When the target employee clicks on the link, all the sensitive payment details entered in a form are linked to Boney's account.

What is the attack performed by Boney in the above scenario?

Forbidden attack
CRIME attack
Session donation attack
Session fixation attack

Correct answer: C

Explanation:

In a session donation attack, the attacker donates their own session ID to the target user. In this attack, the attacker first obtains a valid session ID by logging into a service and later feeds the same session ID to the target user. This session ID links a target user to the attacker's account page without disclosing any information to the victim. When the target user clicks on the link and enters the details (username, password, payment details, etc.) in a form, the entered details are linked to the attacker's account. To initiate this attack, the attacker can send their session ID using techniques such as cross-site cooking, an MITM attack, and session fixation. A session donation attack involves the following steps.

Kevin, a professional hacker, wants to penetrate CyberTech Inc's network. He employed a technique, using which he encoded packets with Unicode characters. The company's IDS cannot recognize the packets, but the target web server can decode them.

What is the technique used by Kevin to evade the IDS system?

Session splicing
Urgency flag
Obfuscating
Desynchronization

Correct answer: C

Explanation:

Obfuscating is an IDS evasion technique used by attackers to encode the attack packet payload in such a way that the destination host can only decode the packet but not the IDS. Using Unicode characters, an attacker can encode attack packets that the IDS would not recognize but which an IIS web server can decode.

Suppose that you test an application for the SQL injection vulnerability. You know that the backend database is based on Microsoft SQL Server. In the login/password form, you enter the following credentials:

Based on the above credentials, which of the following SQL commands are you expecting to be executed by the server, if there is indeed an SQL injection vulnerability?

select * from Users where UserName = 'attack' ' or 1=1 -- and UserPassword = '123456'
select * from Users where UserName = 'attack' or 1=1 -- and UserPassword = '123456'
select * from Users where UserName = 'attack or 1=1 -- and UserPassword = '123456'
select * from Users where UserName = 'attack' or 1=1 --' and UserPassword = '123456'

Correct answer: D

Explanation:

SELECT Count(*) FROM Users WHERE UserName='Blah' or 1=1 --' AND Password='Springfield'SQL Query Executed : SELECT Count(*) FROM Users WHERE UserName='Blah' or 1=1Code after -- are now comments : --' AND Password='Springfield'

SELECT Count(*) FROM Users WHERE UserName='Blah' or 1=1 --' AND Password='Springfield'

SQL Query Executed : SELECT Count(*) FROM Users WHERE UserName='Blah' or 1=1

Code after -- are now comments : --' AND Password='Springfield'

Which of the following commands checks for valid users on an SMTP server?

RCPT
CHK
VRFY
EXPN

Correct answer: C

Explanation:

The VRFY commands enables SMTP clients to send an invitation to an SMTP server to verify that mail for a selected user name resides on the server. The VRFY command is defined in RFC 821.The server sends a response indicating whether the user is local or not, whether mail are going to be forwarded, and so on. A response of 250 indicates that the user name is local; a response of 251 indicates that the user name isn't local, but the server can forward the message. The server response includes the mailbox name.