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1. Understanding Oversubscription Ratio in IP Fabrics:The oversubscription ratio in an IP fabric typically refers to the ratio of the available bandwidth at the edge of the network (leaves) to the available bandwidth at the core or spine. A 3:1 oversubscription ratio means that for every 3 units of bandwidth at the leaves, there is 1 unit of bandwidth at the spine.2. Impact of Adding or Removing Leaf Devices:– Removing Leaf Devices: When you remove leaf devices, the amount of total edge bandwidth decreases while the bandwidth in the spine remains constant. This causes the oversubscription ratio to increase because there is now less total bandwidth to distribute across the same amount of spine bandwidth.– Adding Leaf Devices: Conversely, when you add leaf devices, the total edge bandwidth increases.Since the spine bandwidth remains the same, the oversubscription ratio would remain the same if the additional leaves consume their share of the available bandwidth proportionally.3. Conclusion:Option C is correct: Removing leaf devices increases the oversubscription ratio.Option D is correct: Adding leaf devices typically maintains the oversubscription ratio assuming uniform bandwidth distribution.

1. Identifying Microburst Traffic:Microbursts are short spikes in network traffic that can overwhelm buffers and cause packet drops. Detecting and analyzing microbursts is crucial for understanding where packet loss might be occurring in a data center network.2. Port Buffer Monitoring:This tool specifically tracks the usage of switch buffers, helping to identify when microbursts are causing buffers to overflow, leading to packet drops.3. Port Mirroring:This tool allows you to monitor real-time traffic on a specific port by copying the traffic to another port where it can be analyzed, often with a packet analyzer. While port mirroring doesn’t directly detect microbursts, it helps capture traffic patterns that can indicate microbursts.4. Conclusion:Option C is correct: Port buffer monitoring directly identifies buffer overflows caused by microbursts.Option A is correct: Port mirroring allows for the detailed capture and analysis of traffic patterns, which can reveal microburst behavior.Options B (Traceoptions) and D (Syslog) are less effective in identifying microburst traffic. Traceoptions focus on control plane traffic debugging, and Syslog is more about logging system events than detecting high-frequency traffic spikes.

1. Understanding Pure IP Fabric:A pure IP fabric is a network design where all devices operate at Layer 3, meaning that each device in the fabric is a router that makes forwarding decisions based on IP addresses.2. Layer 2 Support:In a pure IP fabric, traditional Layer 2 protocols such as Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) or VLANs are not supported. Instead, the network relies entirely on Layer 3 routing protocols to manage traffic between devices.3. Routing Functionality:Since devices in an IP fabric operate as Layer 3 routers, they handle IP routing and provide network services based on IP addresses, not on MAC addresses or Layer 2 switching.4. Conclusion:Option A is correct: Devices in an IP fabric function as Layer 3 routers.Option D is orrect: A pure IP fabric does not support traditional Layer 2 protocols, making it a purely routed environment.

1. Zero Touch Provisioning (ZTP):ZTP allows for the automated configuration of network devices, like QFX Series switches, without manual intervention. During ZTP, a switch will obtain its configuration from a DHCP server and then download the required software and configuration files from a specified server (e.g., FTP, HTTP).2. DHCP Server Configuration:– The DHCP server needs to know the MAC address for each QFX5120 to provide a specific configuration based on the device identity. By mapping the MAC address to a particular configuration, the DHCP server can ensure that each switch gets the correct configuration.– The management IP address for each QFX5120 must also be assigned by the DHCP server. This IP address allows the device to communicate on the network and access the configuration files and other required resources during the ZTP process.3. Conclusion:Option B is correct: MAC addresses allow the DHCP server to identify each QFX5120 and assign the appropriate configuration.Option D is correct: Management IP addresses are essential for network communication during ZTP.

1. DHCP Behavior in Factory-Default Configuration:– In the factory-default configuration, Juniper switches are designed to send DHCP requests on all operational interfaces. This behavior ensures that the switch can obtain an IP address for management and further configuration from any available DHCP server.– The DHCP server can provide additional configuration parameters, including the required Junos version. This allows for automated provisioning and ensures that the switch is running the correct software version.2. Conclusion:Option B is correct: The switch will use any operational interface to request an IP address via DHCP.Option D is correct: The DHCP server can specify Junos version requirements, enabling automated software management.

1. Understanding Oversubscription in a Clos Fabric:The oversubscription ratio in a Clos IP fabric measures the ratio of the amount of edge (leaf) bandwidth to the core (spine) bandwidth. An oversubscription ratio of 3:1 means that there is three times more edge bandwidth compared to core bandwidth.2. Impact of Adding/Removing Spine Devices:If you remove spine devices, the total available core bandwidth decreases, while the edge bandwidth remains the same. This results in an increase in the oversubscription ratio because there is now less core bandwidth to handle the same amount of edge traffic. Conversely, if you add spine devices, the total core bandwidth increases. This decreases the oversubscription ratio because more core bandwidth is available to handle the edge traffic.3. Conclusion:Option C is correct: Removing spine devices increases the oversubscription ratio.Option B is correct: Adding spine devices decreases the oversubscription ratio.

1. Requirement Analysis:The scenario requires a solution to interconnect two data centers that supports EVPN Type 2 connectivity. The solution must be highly scalable and must minimize the number of VXLAN tunnels between border leaf devices.2. Understanding Type 2 Seamless Stitching:Type 2 seamless stitching is a method used in EVPN to provide Layer 2 connectivity (such as MAC address mobility) across different VXLAN segments. It is scalable because it allows only necessary tunnels to be established between border leaf devices, reducing the overhead of maintaining a full mesh of VXLAN tunnels.3. Conclusion:Option D is correct: Type 2 seamless stitching satisfies the requirement by enabling scalable, efficient interconnection of two data centers with minimal VXLAN tunnels.

1. Understanding Seamless Stitching:Seamless stitching is used in EVPN to interconnect two data centers, allowing for consistent Layer 2 and Layer 3 connectivity across them. This is often achieved by translating VNIs (Virtual Network Identifiers) between the data centers.2. Translation-VNI:The translation VNI must be different in each data center to ensure that traffic can be correctly routed and distinguished as it crosses between the data centers. This differentiation helps to maintain the integrity of the traffic flows and prevents any potential overlap or conflict in VNIs.3. Ethernet Segment Identifier (ESI):The ESI must match in both data centers to ensure that the same Ethernet segment (which could be multihomed) is recognized consistently across the data centers. Matching ESIs are crucial for maintaining a unified view of the Ethernet segment across the interconnected fabric.Conclusion:Option B is correct: Translation VNIs must be unique to each data center for proper traffic distinction.Option D is correct: Matching ESIs are necessary to maintain consistent Ethernet segment identification across both data centers.

1. Telemetry Methods in Junos:Telemetry is used to collect and report data from network devices. For high-frequency statistics reporting, such as every five seconds, you need a telemetry method that supports this level of granularity and real-time monitoring.2. Junos Native Sensors:Native Sensors in Junos provide detailed, high-frequency telemetry data, including TX and RX traffic statistics for interfaces. They are designed to offer real-time monitoring with customizable sampling intervals, making them ideal for the five-second reporting requirement.3. Conclusion:Option C is correct: Native Sensors in Junos are capable of providing the required high-frequency telemetry data every five seconds.

1. VXLAN Control Planes:VXLAN (Virtual Extensible LAN) uses different control planes to handle MAC learning and traffic forwarding. The control planes include multicast and EVPN (Ethernet VPN).2. Multicast and EVPN Comparison:Both multicast and EVPN can be used for MAC learning in a VXLAN environment. Multicast is a more traditional approach, while EVPN is more advanced and supports distributed MAC learning. EVPN offers benefits such as fast convergence and rapid updates, making it more efficient and scalable for modern data center environments. Multicast does not require as many resources because it relies on traditional Layer 3 multicast mechanisms to distribute broadcast, unknown unicast, and multicast (BUM) traffic. However, it can be less flexible and less scalable compared to EVPN.3. Conclusion:Option B is correct: Both control planes facilitate MAC learning.Option D is correct: EVPN provides fast convergence and updates.Option E is correct: Multicast is resource-efficient but less flexible.